Abstract

The challenges of addressing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Arab countries are mainly attributed to the strong influence of cultural values on healthcare practices. This study synthesizes selected studies on the prevalence, diagnostic practices, and treatment options of ASD, with a focus on cultural factors in Arab countries. Various databases were used to identify relevant studies published up to June 2024, from which 20 studies were selected and reviewed. Inclusion criteria were specific to studies conducted in Arab countries that addressed ASD prevalence, diagnostic practices, treatment options, and cultural factors. Exclusion criteria were specific to studies conducted in non-Arab countries, not in either English or Arabic, and not peer-reviewed. The review of selected studies found that the prevalence rates of ASD in Arab countries differed significantly due to diagnostic criteria and cultural perceptions. Moreover, diagnostic practices were influenced by social stigmas and access to services, while treatment outcomes were determined by cultural adaptability and acceptance. The findings emphasize the need for improvements in education, diagnostic training, and culturally appropriate treatments. Future research should develop regional diagnostic tools for early detection and treatment of ASD based on the long-term effects of culturally appropriate treatments. Such efforts could bring about policy changes and resource allocation for enhanced treatment options that are specific to children with ASD and their families in Arab countries.